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A Comparison of Neural Networks and Center of Gravity in Muon Hit Position Estimation

The performance of cosmic-ray tomography systems is largely determined by their tracking accuracy. With conventional scintillation detector technology, good precision can be achieved with a small pitch between the elements of the detector array. …

Atmospheric pressure thermal desorption chemical ionization mass spectrometry for ultra-sensitive explosive detection

Illegal explosives are a threat to aviation, transport sector, critical infrastructure and generally to public safety. Their detection requires extremely sensitive instruments with efficient workflows that allow large throughput of items. In this …

Optimization of La0.2Sr0.7-xCaxTi0.95Fe0.05O3-delta Fuel Electrode Stoichiometry for Solid Oxide Fuel-Cell Application

Development of active ceramic hydrogen electrodes with high stability is an important challenge for developing solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC). Herein, a set of cubic perovskite-type La/Ca/Fe-doped strontium titanates, …

Polluted skies are cloudier

Analyses of the 2014 Iceland-Holuhraun volcanic eruption revealed the emitted aerosols induced a 10% increase in cloud coverage above the region, suggesting anthropogenic aerosols might strongly cool the Earth's climate by increasing the cloud …

Diurnal evolution of negative atmospheric ions above the boreal forest: from ground level to the free troposphere

At SMEAR II research station in Hyytiala, located in the Finnish boreal forest, the process of new particle formation and the role of ions has been investigated for almost 20 years near the ground and at canopy level. However, above SMEAR II, the …

Quiet New Particle Formation in the Atmosphere

Atmospheric new particle formation (NPF) has been observed to take place in practice all around the world. In continental locations, typically about 10-40% of the days are so-called NPF event days characterized by a clear particle formation and …

Sub-daily rainfall extremes in the Nordic-Baltic region

Short-duration rainfall extremes are associated with a range of societal hazards, notably pluvial flooding but in addition, e.g., erosion-driven nutrient transport and point-source contamination. Fundamental for all analysis, modelling and risk …

Terpene emissions from boreal wetlands can initiate stronger atmospheric new particle formation than boreal forests

Aerosols and their interaction with clouds constitute the largest uncertainty in estimating the radiative forcing affecting the climate system. Secondary aerosol formation is responsible for a large fraction of the cloud condensation nuclei in the …

Meteorological Conditions Favorable for Strong Anthropogenic Aerosol Impacts on Clouds

Ship-track-like polluted cloud tracks provide a direct way to study aerosol-cloud interactions. Here, we study environmental conditions favorable for pollution tracks' formation. We study polluted cloud tracks forming downwind of localized …

Salinity dynamics of the Baltic Sea

In the Baltic Sea, salinity and its large variability, both horizontal and vertical, are key physical factors in determining the overall stratification conditions. In addition to that, salinity and its changes also have large effects on various …